Validación del concepto de eficacia colectiva. Un estudio en barrios latinoamericanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1298Palabras clave:
análisis factorial, barrios latinoamericanos, control social, eficacia colectiva, prevención del crimen, seguridad urbanaResumen
El concepto de eficacia colectiva vinculado a la investigación de delitos en barrios surgió en Estados Unidos en los años noventa y pronto fue reconocida como una teoría validada. Sin embargo, su aplicación en América Latina ha evidenciado inconsistencias. A partir de datos de Bogotá, Lima y Santiago, este artículo evalúa la estructura factorial del concepto y su aplicabilidad al estudio de delitos violentos en barrios latinoamericanos. Para ello se estimaron modelos factoriales, invarianza y comparación de medias. Los hallazgos revelan que la eficacia colectiva se compone de tres dimensiones (confianza, cohesión y control social informal), y para cada dimensión se observan medias diferenciadas según experiencia de victimización violenta y ciudad. Así, la composición multidimensional de la eficacia colectiva ofrece una perspectiva enriquecedora para profundizar en los desafíos de la prevención del delito en entornos criminológicos complejos del Sur global.
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