Causas de la militarización de las emergencias civiles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1389Palabras clave:
asistencia por desastre, emergencia civil, fuerzas armadas, khakiwashing, militarismo, militarizaciónResumen
La implicación de las fuerzas armadas en la respuesta a emergencias civiles se ha normalizado en todo el mundo, tanto en Estados democráticos como autoritarios. Son misiones que se alejan de las responsabilidades clásicas de disuasión y defensa debido a: la redefinición de funciones de los ejércitos, el pragmatismo de las políticas de seguridad, la reevaluación de riegos y amenazas, así como a dinámicas de securitización. Todo ello ha supuesto la creación o expansión de marcos legales y doctrinas militares, o el establecimiento de unidades especializadas. Pese a su relevancia, ha sido un fenómeno poco estudiado y teorizado desde las relaciones civiles-militares. Por ello, este artículo asume una perspectiva teórica y, a partir de un enfoque de investigación inductivo, propone cuatro causas que explican la militarización de las emergencias civiles.
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